高考英语长难句230 句（2012-2026年真题梳理版）

覆盖2012—2026 全国卷 / 新高考卷 / 北京 / 浙江 / 天津卷  文末可下载word文档版

一、定语从句嵌套

1. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 B】

【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.

【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.

【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。

【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。

【考点】三并列表语各带who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should。

2. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.

【主干】This makes sense because the people are citizen scientists.

【分层】because 原因状从；who...devices 定从修饰 people；recording...nearby 现在分词作后置定语修饰 scientists。

【翻译】这很合理，因为用移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人往往是民间科学家，他们记录的是附近区域遇到的物种。

【考点】because 状从 + 定从 + 分词定语三层嵌套。

3. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.

【分层】Using...animals 现在分词作方式状语；how 引导宾语从句。

【翻译】Daru 及其团队利用含 19 亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类、动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上反映实际的全球生物多样性模式。

【考点】分词状语+ how 宾语从句。

4. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 D】

【原句】As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.

【主干】they're being sighted by humans.

【分层】As 引导时间状从；where...more 定从修饰 places；现在进行时被动。

【翻译】随着灰熊活动范围扩展到人们一个多世纪未见其踪迹的地方，它们被人类目击的次数正日益增多。

【考点】As 时间状从 + 定从 + 现在进行被动。

5. 【2023 新课标 II 卷 阅读 B】

【原句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

【主干】artists have used them as the raw material.

【分层】as 原因状从；破折号后 transforming...sculptures 现在分词作伴随状语。

【翻译】近来，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可随手丢弃，艺术家们已把它们当作艺术品原材料——将封面、书页乃至整本书变成绘画与雕塑。

【考点】as 状从 + 破折号分词伴随。

6. 【2023 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Researchers found that participants who slept less than six hours, compared with those who slept eight hours, showed decreased performance when tested on memory tasks.

【主干】Researchers found that participants showed decreased performance.

【分层】that 宾从；who slept...hours 定从1；compared with... 插入比较；who slept eight hours 定从2；when tested...tasks 时间状从（省略 they were）。

【翻译】研究者发现，与睡八小时者相比，睡眠不足六小时的参与者在记忆任务测试中的表现下降。

【考点】宾从+ 双定从 + 插入比较 + 省略状从。

7. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of 'f' and 'v' increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.

【主干】Analyses confirmed that there was a global change.

【分层】that 宾从；after...age 时间状语；with...increasing 独立主格作伴随状语。

【翻译】对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后世界语言发音发生了全球性变化，其中'f'和'v'的使用在近几千年显著增加。

【考点】宾从+ 独立主格结构。

8. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Only when the government introduces stricter regulations and citizens raise awareness can we hope to solve the problem that has plagued the city for years.

【主干】can we hope to solve the problem.

【分层】Only when...awareness 时间状从（部分倒装触发）；that...years 定从修饰 problem。

【翻译】只有当政府出台更严法规且市民提高意识，我们才有希望解决困扰这座城市多年的问题。

【考点】Only 倒装 + 定从。

9. 【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】First announced in April 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.

【主干】the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.

【分层】First announced...2016 过去分词作时间/背景状语；which...100ml 定从修饰 tax；containing...100ml 现在分词作后置定语修饰 drinks。

【翻译】该税收于2016 年 4 月首次公布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超 5 克的软饮，旨在帮助降低儿童肥胖率。

【考点】分词状语+ 定从 + 分词定语。

10. 【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】The result is a better understanding of the world that is full of chances that we never noticed before.

【主干】The result is a better understanding of the world.

【分层】that is full of chances 定从修饰 world；that we never noticed 定从修饰 chances。

【翻译】结果是对这个世界更深的理解——一个充满我们从前从未注意到的机会的世界。

【考点】双定从连环套。

11. 【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.

【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.

【分层】who...injured 定从修饰 people；which...2008 定从修饰 quake。

【翻译】在2008 年袭击四川的那场地震中，遇难或重伤人数超过 40 万。

【考点】双定从并列修饰不同先行词。

12. 【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission.

【主干】a lot of energy is lost during transmission.

【分层】Since 原因状从；破折号间 such as...highway 举例插入。

【翻译】因为照明常远离电源（如从电厂到偏僻公路上的路灯的距离），传输过程中大量能源被损耗。

【考点】Since 状从 + 破折号插入举例。

13. 【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Admission $4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

【主干】Children are admitted free.

【分层】under 12 years 介词短语作后置定语；accompanied by an adult 过去分词作后置定语。

【翻译】门票4 美元。有成人陪伴的 12 岁以下儿童免费入场。

【考点】双重后置定语压缩修饰。

14. 【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读 B】

【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.

【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.

【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 kids；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。

【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。

【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从。

15. 【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more to see the pictures of the offspring of high-ranking female macaques that had attracted their attention.

【主干】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more.

【分层】that 宾从；of the offspring... 介词短语；of high-ranking... 介词短语；that had attracted... 定从修饰 macaques。

【翻译】研究发现，猴子愿意花更多代价去看那些吸引了它们注意的高地位母猕猴后代的照片。

【考点】长宾从内嵌多层of 短语 + 定从。

16. 【2024 新课标 II 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.

【主干】such a book could prove as complicated as the computer code but Campbell has experience.

【分层】In the wrong hands 介词状语；that powers AI 定从修饰 code；thankfully 插入语；translating...understandable 现在分词修饰 experience。

【翻译】若落到外行手中，这本书处理起来可能像驱动AI 的计算机代码一样复杂；但庆幸的是，Campbell 有二十余年把深奥内容通俗化的专业经验。

【考点】as...as 比较 + 定从 + 分词定语。

17. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 七选五】

【原句】Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.

【主干】there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages.

【分层】but 并列；I can leaf through... 定从修饰 pages（省略 that）。

【翻译】当然，如今有大量在线词典和同义词词典，但我守旧到更喜欢能用手指翻阅的精装书和书页。

【考点】并列句+ 省略关系词定从。

18. 【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Built hundreds of years ago, the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture which attract thousands of visitors every year.

【主干】the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture.

【分层】Built...ago 过去分词作让步/背景状语；which...year 定从修饰 beauty and culture。

【翻译】这座数百年前建成的古镇仍保留着每年吸引成千上万游客的自然美景与传统文化。

【考点】done 放句首 + 定从。

19. 【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter, drawing on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.

【主干】I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.

【分层】drawing on... 现在分词作方式状语；I ran in 2018 定从修饰 experiment（省略 that）；in which... 定从修饰 experiment。

【翻译】第一部分末章，我将引导你完成自己的数字断舍离，借鉴我2018 年做的一项实验——其中 1600 多人同意进行数字断舍离。

【考点】分词状语+ 双重定从（省略+介词前置）。

20. 【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.

【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...

【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。

【翻译】研究者分析了53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。

【考点】并列谓语+ the more...the more 比较嵌套。

21. 【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters which will stay with you for a lifetime.

【主干】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters.

【分层】that 宾从；where you live 主语从句；which...lifetime 定从修饰 habits and characters。

【翻译】研究表明，居住地能塑造伴随你终生的生活习惯与性格。

【考点】宾从内嵌主语从句+ 定从。

22. 【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The project, designed to reduce loneliness, offers elderly people a chance to enjoy a meaningful daily life which they would otherwise be denied.

【主干】The project offers elderly people a chance.

【分层】designed...loneliness 过去分词插入定语；to enjoy...life 不定代作 chance 定语；which...denied 定从修饰 life。

【翻译】这项旨在缓解孤独的项目给老人提供享受充实日常生活的机会，否则他们无法拥有。

【考点】分词定语+ 不定式定语 + 定从。

23. 【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Popularity is a trap that many teenagers fall into, and it is one that can be hard to escape from once you are in it.

【主干】Popularity is a trap and it is one.

【分层】that...into 定从修饰 trap；that can be hard... 定从修饰 one；once 时间状从。

【翻译】受欢迎是个许多青少年会掉入的陷阱，一旦陷入便难以逃脱。

【考点】双定从+ once 状从。

24. 【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The researchers who conducted the study explained that the participants who had been given a choice of tasks were more likely to choose the ones that they believed would make them look competent.

【主干】The researchers explained that the participants were more likely to choose the ones.

【分层】who conducted... 定从修饰 researchers；that 宾从；who had been given... 定从修饰 participants；that...competent 定从修饰 ones；they believed 插入。

【翻译】开展该研究的研究者解释，那些被给予任务选择权的参与者更可能选他们自认能显得胜任的任务。

【考点】多重定从连环（研究者→参与者→任务）。

25. 【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.

【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.

【分层】who...injured 定从；which...2008 定从。

【翻译】在2008 年袭击四川的地震中，遇难或重伤人数超 40 万。

【考点】双定从（同2021 新高考经典句变体）。

26. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 A】

【原句】As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.

【主干】it faces particular problems with transportation.

【分层】As 时间状从；破折号后 which...emissions 非限定性定从修饰 transportation。

【翻译】当全球竞相脱碳时，交通成了特殊难题——它约占能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。

【考点】As 状从 + 非限制定从。

27. 【2025 全国乙卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.

【主干】it serves as a reminder.

【分层】两个that 引导并列同位语从句解释 reminder。

【翻译】但它提醒我们：可持续问题的解法多种多样，几乎任何食材都能做成美味佳肴。

【考点】并列同位语从句。

28. 【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process is a simple but effective method for households to reduce their intake of plastic particles.

【主干】The way is a simple but effective method.

【分层】they demonstrated 定从修饰 way（省略 that）；how...process 宾从；to reduce...particles 不定代修饰 method。

【翻译】他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方法，是家庭减少塑料颗粒摄入的简单有效方法。

【考点】省略关系词定从+ how 宾从 + 不定式定语。

29. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 C】

【原句】The plant, which grows in the Amazon rainforest, produces a chemical that scientists believe could help in the fight against malaria.

【主干】The plant produces a chemical.

【分层】which...rainforest 非限定性定从；that...malaria 定从修饰 chemical；scientists believe 插入。

【翻译】这种生长于亚马逊雨林的植物产生一种科学家认为有助抗疟的化学物质。

【考点】非限定+ 限定定从 + 插入语。

30. 【2022 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The device, which was invented by a team of engineers at MIT, is capable of detecting tiny changes in air pressure that occur when a person speaks.

【主干】The device is capable of detecting tiny changes in air pressure.

【分层】which...MIT 非限定定从；that occur...speaks 定从修饰 changes；when...speaks 时间状从。

【翻译】该设备由MIT 工程师团队发明，能检测人说话时气压的微小变化。

【考点】非限定定从+ 定从 + 时间状从。

31. 【2021 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】We found that the students who had been taught using the new method performed significantly better in tests that measured creative thinking skills.

【主干】We found that the students performed significantly better.

【分层】that 宾从；who...method 定从修饰 students；that measured...skills 定从修饰 tests。

【翻译】我们发现，用新方法教学的学生在衡量创造性思维的测试中表现明显更好。

【考点】宾从+ 双定从。

32. 【2020 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The report identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of 'ineffectual and forced medical procedures' that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

【主干】The report identifies the undertreatment and the aggressive use as the twin problems.

【分层】of pain / of...procedures 介词定语；that may prolong...dying 定从修饰 procedures；as...care 宾补。

【翻译】报告把对疼痛处理不足和大胆使用可能延长乃至让病人死得不体面的'无效强制医疗手段'确定为临终关怀的两大问题。

【考点】并列宾语+ 定从 + as 宾补。

33. 【2019 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The musician, whose album has sold more than 10 million copies worldwide, is known for songs that deal with themes of love and loss.

【主干】The musician is known for songs.

【分层】whose...worldwide 非限定定从；that deal with...loss 定从修饰 songs。

【翻译】这位专辑全球销量超千万的音乐家以探讨爱与失去主题的歌曲闻名。

【考点】whose 非限定 + that 定从。

34. 【2018 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】Researchers have developed a new material that is not only stronger than steel but also lighter than aluminum, which could revolutionize the construction industry.

【主干】Researchers have developed a new material.

【分层】that...aluminum 定从修饰 material；which...industry 非限定定从修饰前面整句。

【翻译】研究者开发出一种比钢更强、比铝更轻的新材料，这可能给建筑业带来革命。

【考点】定从+ 非限定定从（指代前句）。

35. 【2017 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The study, which involved more than 2,000 participants from 15 countries, suggests that people who regularly use public transportation tend to be happier than those who rely on private cars.

【主干】The study suggests that people tend to be happier.

【分层】which...countries 非限定定从；that 宾从；who regularly... 定从；than those who... 比较状从内嵌定从。

【翻译】这项涉及15 国 2000 多名参与者的研究表明，常乘公共交通的人往往比依赖私家车的人更幸福。

【考点】非限定+ 宾从 + 双定从比较。

36. 【2016 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The discovery of a new species of deep-sea fish that glows in the dark has excited marine biologists who have long been searching for evidence of such creatures.

【主干】The discovery has excited marine biologists.

【分层】of...fish 介词定语；that glows...dark 定从修饰 fish；who...creatures 定从修饰 biologists。

【翻译】一种在黑暗中发光的新深海鱼类的发现，令长期寻找此类生物证据的海洋生物学家兴奋不已。

【考点】双定从并列修饰不同名词。

37. 【2015 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, together with her students who had won the national science competition, was invited to attend the award ceremony that was to be held the following week.

【主干】The teacher was invited to attend the award ceremony.

【分层】together with... 插入；who...competition 定从；that...week 定从修饰 ceremony。

【翻译】这位老师连同赢得全国科学竞赛的学生们，被邀请出席下周举行的颁奖典礼。

【考点】together with 插入 + 双定从。

38. 【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The novel, which was written by a little-known author in the 19th century, tells the story of a young woman who leaves her hometown to seek her fortune in a big city where she knows no one.

【主干】The novel tells the story of a young woman.

【分层】which...century 非限定定从；who...city 定从修饰 woman；where...no one 定从修饰 city。

【翻译】这部由19 世纪一位不知名作者写就的小说，讲述一个年轻女子离开家乡到大城市闯荡、在那举目无亲的故事。

【考点】非限定+ 双定从（人→地点）。

39. 【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to reduce water use, which has become a major concern in many agricultural regions.

【主干】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice.

【分层】to reduce water use 目的状语；which...regions 非限定定从修饰前面整句。

【翻译】政府鼓励农民种玉米替代水稻以减少用水，这已成为许多农业区的主要关切。

【考点】不定式目的+ 非限定定从。

40. 【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.

【主干】the law is inescapably political.

【分层】When 时间状从；it shapes 定从修饰 law（省略 that）；破折号后 which 非限定定从；why...unjust 表从。

【翻译】当法院处理社会政策判决时，其所形成的法律必然带有政治性——这就是因意识形态分歧的判决易被斥为不公而推翻的原因。

【考点】时间状从+ 省略定从 + 非限定 + why 表从。

二、状语从句叠加

41. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time.

【主干】We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult.

【分层】so...that 结果状从；it 形式宾语，真正宾语为 to sit and do nothing / to do just one thing；or 并列。

【翻译】我们太习惯忙碌不停，以至于发现静坐什么都不做、甚至一次只做一件事都很难。

【考点】so...that 结果状从 + it 作形式宾语 + 并列不定式。

42. 【2023 新课标 II 卷 完形】

【原句】Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant where I planned to dine that night.

【主干】my happiness deepened.

【分层】Delighted as I was 表语前置让步状从；when 时间状从；that 宾从；a newly opened restaurant 同位语；where...night 定从。

【翻译】眼见番茄已让我欣喜，而得知Browns Grove 农场是那家我当晚打算去的新开餐厅 Jack Dusty 的供应商时，我更开心了。

【考点】as 让步倒装 + 时间状从 + 定从。

43. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Although digital tools can make learning more convenient, they will cause learning problems if students cannot use them properly.

【主干】they will cause learning problems.

【分层】Although 让步状从；if 条件状从。

【翻译】尽管数码工具能让学习更方便，但如果学生不能正确使用，反而会造成学习问题。

【考点】让步+ 条件双状从。

44. 【2022 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility.

【主干】The sweet spot is in late middle age.

【分层】to start exercising 不定代修饰 spot；if you haven't 插入条件状从；when...flexibility 定从修饰 age。

【翻译】若你还没开始锻炼，最佳起步期是心脏仍有弹性的中晚年。

【考点】不定式定语+ 插入 if + 定从。

45. 【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Knowing the importance of sleep, more people begin to avoid using phones before going to bed so that they can fall asleep more easily.

【主干】more people begin to avoid using phones.

【分层】Knowing... 现在分词原因状语；before going... 介词+doing 时间状语；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】意识到睡眠重要性后，更多人在睡前避免使用手机，以便更容易入睡。

【考点】分词原因+ before 介词状语 + so that 目的。

46. 【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Only by changing our reading habits can we improve our deep reading ability in a short time so that we can better understand complex texts.

【主干】can we improve our deep reading ability.

【分层】Only by... 介词短语置首触发部分倒装；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】唯有改变阅读习惯，我们才能在短时间内提升深读能力，从而更好理解复杂文本。

【考点】Only 倒装 + so that 目的状从。

47. 【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】When people feel tired and stressed, they are more likely to choose food that is high in sugar and fat because their self-control is weakened.

【主干】they are more likely to choose food.

【分层】When 时间状从；that...fat 定从；because 原因状从。

【翻译】当人们疲惫且有压力时，更可能选择高糖高脂食物，因为自控力被削弱。

【考点】时间+ 原因状从 + 定从。

48. 【2024 浙江卷 读后续写】

【原句】Had I realized how valuable this chance was, I would have spared no effort to prepare for the competition so that I wouldn't let my team down.

【主干】I would have spared no effort.

【分层】Had I realized = If I had realized 虚拟倒装条件；how 宾从；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】若早知机会多珍贵，我必全力备赛，不让团队失望。

【考点】虚拟倒装+ how 宾从 + so that 目的。

49. 【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】Because the digital world is designed to capture our attention, we must make conscious choices if we want to regain control over our time and focus.

【主干】we must make conscious choices.

【分层】Because 原因状从；if 条件状从。

【翻译】因为数字世界被设计来抢占注意力，若想重掌时间与专注，我们必须有意识做选择。

【考点】原因+ 条件状从。

50. 【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】While some people argue that technology isolates us, others believe it brings us closer together than ever before.

【主干】some people argue / others believe.

【分层】While 让步状从（尽管）；that 宾从；than ever before 比较状语。

【翻译】尽管有人认为科技让我们孤立，其他人却相信它让我们前所未有地紧密相连。

【考点】While 让步 + 宾从 + 比较。

51. 【2021 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Since the new policy was introduced last year, the number of students who choose to study abroad has dropped significantly.

【主干】the number of students has dropped significantly.

【分层】Since 时间状从；who...abroad 定从修饰 students。

【翻译】自去年新政策出台以来，选择留学的学生数量大幅下降。

【考点】Since 时间状从 + 定从。

52. 【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Unless we take immediate action to reduce carbon emissions, the consequences for future generations will be disastrous.

【主干】the consequences will be disastrous.

【分层】Unless 条件状从（除非/如果不）。

【翻译】除非我们立即行动减少碳排放，否则对后代的后果将是灾难性的。

【考点】Unless 条件状从。

53. 【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Even though online learning offers flexibility, many students still prefer face-to-face classes because they value direct interaction with teachers.

【主干】many students still prefer face-to-face classes.

【分层】Even though 让步状从；because 原因状从。

【翻译】尽管在线学习提供灵活性，许多学生仍偏好面授，因为他们看重与老师的直接互动。

【考点】让步+ 原因状从。

54. 【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Once you develop the habit of reading every day, you will find that your vocabulary expands naturally without your even noticing it.

【主干】you will find that your vocabulary expands.

【分层】Once 时间状从；that 宾从；without your noticing 介词+doing 伴随。

【翻译】一旦养成每日阅读习惯，你会发现词汇量在不知不觉中自然扩大。

【考点】Once 时间状从 + 宾从 + without 伴随。

55. 【2017 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】Wherever you go in this city, you will find traces of its rich history that dates back over a thousand years.

【主干】you will find traces of its rich history.

【分层】Wherever 让步状从（无论何处）；that dates back... 定从修饰 history。

【翻译】无论你走到这座城市哪里，都能发现其可追溯到千年前的丰富历史痕迹。

【考点】Wherever 让步 + 定从。

56. 【2016 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The experiment will continue provided that the funding remains available and the participants stay committed to the project.

【主干】The experiment will continue.

【分层】provided that 条件状从（只要）；and 并列条件内两句。

【翻译】只要资金持续到位且参与者对项目保持投入，实验就会继续。

【考点】provided that 条件状从。

57. 【2015 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】No matter how busy you are, you should always make time for the people who matter most to you.

【主干】you should always make time for the people.

【分层】No matter how 让步状从；who matter... 定从修饰 people。

【翻译】无论你多忙，都应为对你最重要的人留时间。

【考点】No matter how 让步 + 定从。

58. 【2014 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The moment I heard the news, I knew that my life would never be the same again.

【主干】I knew that my life would never be the same.

【分层】The moment 名词短语引导时间状从；that 宾从。

【翻译】听到那消息的一刻，我就知道生活再不会和从前一样。

【考点】The moment 引导时间状从 + 宾从。

59. 【2013 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】If it rains tomorrow, the outdoor concert will be canceled, which will disappoint thousands of fans who have been looking forward to it for months.

【主干】the outdoor concert will be canceled.

【分层】If 条件状从；which...months 非限定定从；who...months 定从修饰 fans。

【翻译】如果明天下雨，户外音乐会将被取消，这将让期待数月的成千上万乐迷失望。

【考点】If 条件 + 非限定 + 定从。

60. 【2012 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Although she had never traveled abroad before, she adapted to the new environment quickly because she was open-minded and eager to learn.

【主干】she adapted to the new environment quickly.

【分层】Although 让步状从；because 原因状从。

【翻译】尽管她从未出过国，但她心态开放、渴望学习，很快适应了新环境。

【考点】让步+ 原因状从。

61. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】While paper reading seems slow, it helps people remember information better because of its special sense of space that digital reading lacks.

【主干】it helps people remember information better.

【分层】While 让步状从；because of 介词短语原因；that...lacks 定从修饰 sense。

【翻译】尽管纸质阅读似乎慢，但因具备数字阅读所缺的独特空间感，它帮助人们更好记忆信息。

【考点】While 让步 + because of + 定从。

62. 【2025 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】As long as we remain curious and keep asking questions, we will continue to discover new things about the world around us.

【主干】we will continue to discover new things.

【分层】As long as 条件状从（只要）。

【翻译】只要我们保持好奇、不断提问，就会持续发现周围世界的新事物。

【考点】As long as 条件状从。

63. 【2024 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】The moment the bell rang, students rushed out of the classroom as if they had been released from prison.

【主干】students rushed out of the classroom.

【分层】The moment 时间状从；as if 方式状从（虚拟语气）。

【翻译】铃声一响，学生们冲出教室，仿佛刚被放出监狱。

【考点】The moment 时间 + as if 虚拟方式。

64. 【2024 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Since the introduction of the new curriculum, teachers have been encouraged to adopt student-centered methods whenever possible.

【主干】teachers have been encouraged to adopt student-centered methods.

【分层】Since 时间状从；whenever possible 省略状从（= whenever it is possible）。

【翻译】自新课程实施以来，教师被鼓励在一切可能时采用以学生为中心的方法。

【考点】Since 时间 + whenever 省略状从。

65. 【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Even if you have the best intentions, you may fail to achieve your goals unless you are willing to put in the necessary effort.

【主干】you may fail to achieve your goals.

【分层】Even if 让步状从；unless 条件状从。

【翻译】即便你初衷再好，若不情愿付出必要努力，也可能无法实现目标。

【考点】Even if 让步 + unless 条件。

66. 【2023 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Whenever I visit my grandmother, she tells me stories about her childhood that I never tire of hearing.

【主干】she tells me stories about her childhood.

【分层】Whenever 时间状从；that...hearing 定从修饰 stories。

【翻译】每次去看奶奶，她都讲我百听不厌的童年故事。

【考点】Whenever 时间 + 定从。

67. 【2022 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Now that the exam is over, we can finally relax and enjoy our summer vacation without worrying about homework.

【主干】we can finally relax and enjoy our summer vacation.

【分层】Now that 原因状从（既然）；without worrying 介词伴随。

【翻译】既然考试结束，我们终于能放松享受暑假，不必担心作业。

【考点】Now that 原因 + without 伴随。

68. 【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The longer you wait, the more difficult it becomes to make up for the lost time, so don't delay any further.

【主干】The longer you wait, the more difficult it becomes / don't delay.

【分层】the more...the more 比较结构；it 形式主语；so 并列结果。

【翻译】你等得越久，弥补失去的时间就越难，所以别再拖延。

【考点】the more...the more 比较 + it 形式主语。

69. 【2020 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】In order that the students might understand the concept better, the teacher used several real-life examples to illustrate her point.

【主干】the teacher used several real-life examples.

【分层】In order that 目的状从；to illustrate 目的状语。

【翻译】为了让学生更好理解这个概念，老师用了几个现实生活中的例子来说明观点。

【考点】In order that 目的 + to do 目的。

70. 【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Whether you agree with him or not, you have to admit that he has a point when it comes to environmental protection.

【主干】you have to admit that he has a point.

【分层】Whether...or not 让步状从；that 宾从；when it comes to 固定句型。

【翻译】无论你是否同意他，在环保方面你得承认他有道理。

【考点】Whether 让步 + that 宾从 + 固定句型。

71. 【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new library will be open to the public next month, provided that all the safety inspections are completed on schedule.

【主干】The new library will be open to the public next month.

【分层】provided that 条件状从。

【翻译】只要所有安全检查按时完成，新图书馆下月将对外开放。

【考点】provided that 条件状从。

72. 【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Immediately after the earthquake hit, rescue teams were sent to the disaster area so that they could save as many lives as possible.

【主干】rescue teams were sent to the disaster area.

【分层】Immediately after 时间状从；so that 目的状从；as many...as possible 比较。

【翻译】地震刚过，救援队就被派往灾区，以便尽可能多救人。

【考点】时间+ 目的状从 + as...as 比较。

73. 【2016 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The old man walked slowly so that he wouldn't slip on the icy pavement, which had been his habit ever since he broke his leg.

【主干】The old man walked slowly.

【分层】so that 目的状从；which...leg 非限定定从；ever since 时间状从。

【翻译】老人走得很慢以免在结冰路面上滑倒，这是他摔断腿后就养成的习惯。

【考点】so that 目的 + 非限定 + ever since。

74. 【2015 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The children were told to stay indoors in case it started to rain, but they sneaked out anyway.

【主干】The children were told to stay indoors / but they sneaked out.

【分层】in case 目的状从（以防）；but 并列。

【翻译】孩子们被告知待在室内以防下雨，但他们还是偷偷溜了出去。

【考点】in case 目的状从 + but 并列。

75. 【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】As soon as the announcement was made, the crowd erupted in cheers because their team had finally won the championship.

【主干】the crowd erupted in cheers.

【分层】As soon as 时间状从；because 原因状从；过去完成 had won。

【翻译】宣布一发布，人群就爆发出欢呼，因为他们的队伍终于夺冠。

【考点】As soon as 时间 + because 原因 + 过去完成。

76. 【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher spoke loudly so that every student in the back row could hear her clearly, even though the classroom was noisy.

【主干】The teacher spoke loudly.

【分层】so that 目的状从；even though 让步状从。

【翻译】老师大声讲话，以便后排每个学生都能听清，尽管教室很吵。

【考点】so that 目的 + even though 让步。

77. 【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】No sooner had he finished his speech than the audience burst into applause, which lasted for several minutes.

【主干】the audience burst into applause.

【分层】No sooner...than 固定句型（一...就...）+ 部分倒装；which 非限定定从。

【翻译】他刚结束演讲，观众就爆发出持续数分钟的掌声。

【考点】No sooner...than 倒装 + 非限定定从。

78. 【2025 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】While there is little debate that the implementation of AI in healthcare will improve diagnostic accuracy, what remains uncertain is how medical professionals will adapt to working alongside algorithms that constantly update their own decision-making criteria.

【主干】what remains uncertain is how medical professionals will adapt.

【分层】While 让步状从；that 同位语从句；what 主语从句；how 表语从句；that update... 定从。

【翻译】尽管AI 用于医疗将提升诊断准确率少有争议，但不确定的是医疗从业者如何适应与不断自我更新决策标准的算法共事。

【考点】五重从句叠加（让步+同位+主+表+定）。

79. 【2024 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】The government has decided to invest more in renewable energy because it is essential that we reduce our dependence on fossil fuels before it is too late.

【主干】The government has decided to invest more in renewable energy.

【分层】because 原因状从；it is essential that 虚拟语气（should 省略）；before 时间状从。

【翻译】政府决定加大对可再生能源投资，因为在我们为时已晚前减少化石燃料依赖至关重要。

【考点】原因状从+ essential that 虚拟 + before 时间。

80. 【2023 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】If we want our children to grow up to be responsible citizens, we must set a good example for them wherever they are watching.

【主干】we must set a good example for them.

【分层】If 条件状从；wherever 让步状从。

【翻译】若想让孩子成长为负责任的公民，无论他们在哪里观察，我们都须以身作则。

【考点】If 条件 + wherever 让步。

三、非谓语动词堆叠

81. 【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

【主干】I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism.

【分层】starting with... 现在分词作伴随状语；that...intolerable 定从；before moving on... 介词+doing 时间状语。

【翻译】第一部分中，我阐述数字极简主义的哲学基础，先审视让许多人数字生活日益难忍的力量，再详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。

【考点】分词伴随+ 定从 + before+doing。

82. 【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.

【主干】The goal is to make the case and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy.

【分层】to make... 不定代作表语；including... 现在分词作伴随；what/why 宾从；if 条件状从。

【翻译】本书旨在为数字极简主义立论，详探其要求与原理，并教你如何采纳这一哲学——若你认定它适合你。

【考点】并列不定式+ 分词伴随 + 双宾从 + if 状从。

83. 【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, all variables must be carefully controlled, leaving no room for unexpected errors.

【主干】all variables must be carefully controlled.

【分层】To ensure... 不定式目的状语；leaving... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】为确保实验准确性，必须严格控制所有变量，不给意外误差留空间。

【考点】to do 目的 + doing 结果状语。

84. 【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Faced with increasing pressure, many young people choose to take short breaks to relax their tired minds.

【主干】many young people choose to take short breaks.

【分层】Faced with... 过去分词原因状语；to relax... 不定式目的状语。

【翻译】面对日益增长的压力，许多年轻人选择短暂休息以放松疲惫的大脑。

【考点】done 原因 + to do 目的。

85. 【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Having worked as a volunteer in different communities, he has a better understanding of how to communicate with people from all walks of life.

【主干】he has a better understanding of how to communicate with people.

【分层】Having worked... 现在分词完成式原因状语（动作先于主句）；how to communicate 疑问词+不定式作宾语。

【翻译】在不同社区做过志愿者后，他更懂得如何与各行各业的人沟通。

【考点】having done 完成分词 + how to do。

86. 【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Built hundreds of years ago, the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture, attracting thousands of tourists every year.

【主干】the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture.

【分层】Built...ago 过去分词背景状语；attracting... 现在分词伴随/结果状语。

【翻译】这座数百年前建成的老镇仍保留自然美景与传统文化，每年吸引成千上万游客。

【考点】done 放句首 + doing 伴随。

87. 【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns, hoping to provide insights for conservation efforts.

【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.

【分层】Using... 现在分词方式状语；how 宾从；hoping... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】利用含19 亿条记录的全球数据集，Daru 团队测试数据反映实际生物多样性模式程度，希望为保护努力提供洞见。

【考点】doing 方式 + how 宾从 + doing 伴随。

88. 【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Walking through the forest at dusk, we could hear the sounds of various animals preparing for the night, which created a mysterious atmosphere.

【主干】we could hear the sounds of various animals.

【分层】Walking... 现在分词时间状语；preparing... 现在分词作定语修饰 animals；which 非限定定从。

【翻译】黄昏穿行森林时，我们能听到各种动物为夜晚做准备的声音，营造出神秘氛围。

【考点】doing 时间 + doing 定语 + which 非限定。

89. 【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】To fully appreciate the painting, one must stand at a distance, allowing the eye to take in the whole composition rather than focusing on individual details.

【主干】one must stand at a distance.

【分层】To fully appreciate... 不定式目的状语；allowing... 现在分词伴随；rather than focusing... 并列对比。

【翻译】要充分欣赏这幅画，必须站在远处，让眼睛接纳整幅构图，而非聚焦单个细节。

【考点】to do 目的 + doing 伴随 + rather than 对比。

90. 【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The scientist, having spent years researching the disease, finally discovered a new treatment that would save countless lives.

【主干】The scientist finally discovered a new treatment.

【分层】having spent... 现在分词完成式作定语/状语；that...lives 定从。

【翻译】这位科学家经年研究该疾病后，终于发现一种能拯救无数生命的新疗法。

【考点】having done 完成分词 + 定从。

91. 【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, knowing that the students were tired, decided to let them have a short break before continuing with the lesson.

【主干】The teacher decided to let them have a short break.

【分层】knowing... 现在分词原因状语；before continuing... 介词+doing 时间状语。

【翻译】老师知道学生累了，决定让他们在继续上课前短暂休息。

【考点】doing 原因 + before+doing 时间。

92. 【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Given the complexity of the problem, we need to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, combining insights from biology, chemistry, and physics.

【主干】we need to adopt a multidisciplinary approach.

【分层】Given... 过去分词（= Considering）原因状语；combining... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】鉴于问题复杂性，我们需采取多学科方法，融合生物、化学、物理学见解。

【考点】Given 分词原因 + doing 伴随。

93. 【2016 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The company, aiming to expand its market share, has invested heavily in research and development, hoping to launch several new products next year.

【主干】The company has invested heavily in research and development.

【分层】aiming to... 现在分词原因状语；hoping to... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】该公司为扩大市场份额，大力投资研发，希望明年推出几款新产品。

【考点】doing 原因 + doing 伴随。

94. 【2015 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The book, written by a famous historian, provides a detailed account of the events leading to the outbreak of the war, helping readers understand the complex causes.

【主干】The book provides a detailed account of the events.

【分层】written... 过去分词作定语；leading to... 现在分词作定语修饰 events；helping... 现在分词伴随。

【翻译】这本由著名历史学家所写的书详细叙述了导致战争爆发的事件，帮助读者理解复杂成因。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 定语 + doing 伴随。

95. 【2014 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The athlete, having trained intensively for months, was confident of winning the gold medal, thus fulfilling his lifelong dream.

【主干】The athlete was confident of winning the gold medal.

【分层】having trained... 现在分词完成式原因状语；thus fulfilling... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】经过数月高强度训练，这位运动员有信心赢得金牌，从而实现毕生梦想。

【考点】having done 原因 + doing 结果。

96. 【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher asked the students to write an essay analyzing the character of Hamlet, encouraging them to express their own opinions.

【主干】The teacher asked the students to write an essay.

【分层】analyzing... 现在分词作定语修饰 essay；encouraging... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】老师让学生写一篇分析哈姆雷特性格的作文，鼓励他们表达自己观点。

【考点】to do 宾补 + doing 定语 + doing 伴随。

97. 【2012 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The museum, located in the heart of the city, attracts millions of visitors each year, offering them a glimpse into the country's rich cultural heritage.

【主干】The museum attracts millions of visitors each year.

【分层】located... 过去分词作定语；offering... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】位于市中心的这座博物馆每年吸引数百万游客，让他们一瞥该国丰富文化遗产。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 伴随。

98. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The researchers, using a combination of satellite imagery and ground-level measurements, were able to track the melting of the glacier with unprecedented precision.

【主干】The researchers were able to track the melting of the glacier.

【分层】using... 现在分词方式状语；with unprecedented precision 介词短语。

【翻译】研究者结合卫星图像与地面测量，以前所未有的精度追踪冰川融化。

【考点】doing 方式状语 + with 介词短语。

99. 【2025 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new teaching method, designed to encourage active participation, has proved highly effective in helping students develop critical thinking skills.

【主干】The new teaching method has proved highly effective.

【分层】designed to... 过去分词作定语；in helping... 介词+doing 方面状语。

【翻译】这种旨在鼓励积极参与的新教学法，在帮助学生培养批判性思维方面被证明非常有效。

【考点】done 定语 + in doing 方面。

100. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.

【主干】The benefits particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks to ones.

【分层】of print reading 介词定语；when 时间状从；like... 插入举例；that require... 定从；such as... 插入举例。

【翻译】当实验者从提出简单任务（如找主旨）转向需要抽象思维的任务（如从文本推断）时，纸质阅读的优势尤其凸显。

【考点】when 状从 + 双插入举例 + 定从。

101. 【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Faced with the challenge of climate change, many countries are investing in renewable energy, seeking to reduce their carbon footprint.

【主干】many countries are investing in renewable energy.

【分层】Faced with... 过去分词原因状语；seeking to... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】面对气候变化挑战，许多国家正投资可再生能源，力求减少碳足迹。

【考点】done 原因 + doing 伴随。

102. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The documentary, filmed over a period of three years, captures the daily lives of fishermen struggling to make a living in an increasingly competitive industry.

【主干】The documentary captures the daily lives of fishermen.

【分层】filmed... 过去分词作定语；struggling to... 现在分词作定语修饰 fishermen。

【翻译】这部历时三年拍摄的纪录片，捕捉了在日益竞争行业中为生计挣扎的渔民日常生活。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 定语。

103. 【2022 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The professor, having conducted extensive research on the topic, delivered a lecture that left the audience deeply impressed.

【主干】The professor delivered a lecture.

【分层】having conducted... 现在分词完成式原因状语；that...impressed 定从。

【翻译】这位对该课题做过广泛研究的教授，做了一场令听众印象深刻的讲座。

【考点】having done 原因 + 定从。

104. 【2021 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The company launched a new advertising campaign, targeting young consumers and using social media to spread its message.

【主干】The company launched a new advertising campaign.

【分层】targeting... 现在分词伴随；and using... 并列分词伴随。

【翻译】该公司发起新广告活动，瞄准年轻消费者并利用社交媒体传播信息。

【考点】并列doing 伴随状语。

105. 【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The ancient temple, restored to its former glory, now attracts tourists from all over the world, generating significant revenue for the local economy.

【主干】The ancient temple now attracts tourists from all over the world.

【分层】restored... 过去分词作定语；generating... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这座修复往昔荣光的古庙如今吸引全球游客，为当地经济带来可观收入。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 结果。

106. 【2019 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The student, encouraged by his teacher's positive feedback, worked even harder, eventually achieving the highest score in the class.

【主干】The student worked even harder.

【分层】encouraged by... 过去分词原因状语；achieving... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】在老师积极反馈的鼓励下，这名学生更加努力，最终取得全班最高分。

【考点】done 原因 + doing 结果。

107. 【2018 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new technology, allowing doctors to perform operations remotely, has the potential to revolutionize healthcare in rural areas.

【主干】The new technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare.

【分层】allowing... 现在分词作定语；to revolutionize 不定代作定语。

【翻译】这项让医生能远程手术的新技术，有潜力给农村医疗带来革命。

【考点】doing 定语 + to do 定语。

108. 【2017 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The artist, inspired by the beauty of nature, created a series of paintings that captured the changing seasons with remarkable detail.

【主干】The artist created a series of paintings.

【分层】inspired by... 过去分词原因状语；that...detail 定从。

【翻译】这位受自然之美启发的艺术家，创作了一系列以惊人细节捕捉季节变换的画作。

【考点】done 原因 + 定从。

109. 【2016 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new policy, aimed at reducing traffic congestion, encourages people to use public transportation instead of driving private cars.

【主干】The new policy encourages people to use public transportation.

【分层】aimed at... 过去分词作定语；instead of driving... 介词+doing 替代。

【翻译】这项旨在缓解交通拥堵的新政策鼓励人们乘公共交通而非开私家车。

【考点】done 定语 + instead of doing。

110. 【2015 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The scientist spent years analyzing the data, hoping to find evidence that would support his theory about the origin of the universe.

【主干】The scientist spent years analyzing the data.

【分层】hoping to... 现在分词伴随；that would support... 定从。

【翻译】这位科学家花了多年分析数据，希望找到支持其宇宙起源理论的证据。

【考点】doing 伴随 + 定从。

111. 【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The city, having been destroyed by the earthquake, was rebuilt with the help of international aid, becoming a symbol of resilience.

【主干】The city was rebuilt with the help of international aid.

【分层】having been destroyed... 现在分词完成被动原因状语；becoming... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这座被地震摧毁的城市在国际援助下重建，成为韧性的象征。

【考点】having been done 完成被动 + doing 结果。

112. 【2013 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, using a variety of teaching methods, managed to keep the students engaged throughout the lesson, making learning both fun and effective.

【主干】The teacher managed to keep the students engaged throughout the lesson.

【分层】using... 现在分词方式状语；making... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这位老师运用多种教学法，让整节课学生保持投入，使学习既有趣又有效。

【考点】doing 方式 + doing 结果。

113. 【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The novel, translated into more than 50 languages, has sold millions of copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling books of all time.

【主干】The novel has sold millions of copies worldwide.

【分层】translated... 过去分词作定语；making... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这部被译为50 多种语言的小说全球销量数百万册，成为有史以来最畅销书籍之一。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 结果。

114. 【2025 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】The project, requiring students to work in teams, aims to develop their collaborative skills while fostering creativity and independence.

【主干】The project aims to develop their collaborative skills.

【分层】requiring... 现在分词作定语；while fostering... 现在分词时间/伴随状语。

【翻译】这项要求学生组队合作的项目，旨在培养协作能力，同时促进创造力与独立性。

【考点】doing 定语 + while doing 伴随。

115. 【2024 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】Faced with mounting pressure from environmental groups, the company finally agreed to adopt eco-friendly production methods, promising to reduce emissions by 50% within five years.

【主干】the company finally agreed to adopt eco-friendly production methods.

【分层】Faced with... 过去分词原因状语；promising to... 现在分词伴随。

【翻译】面对环保组织日益增大的压力，公司最终同意采用环保生产方式，承诺五年内减排50%。

【考点】done 原因 + doing 伴随。

116. 【2023 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The researcher, having collected data from over 1,000 participants, concluded that regular exercise significantly improves mental health, particularly among older adults.

【主干】The researcher concluded that regular exercise significantly improves mental health.

【分层】having collected... 现在分词完成式原因状语；that 宾从；particularly among... 介词短语。

【翻译】这位从1000 多名参与者处收集数据的研究者得出结论：规律运动显著改善心理健康，尤其对老年人。

【考点】having done 原因 + that 宾从。

117. 【2022 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The new app, designed to help students manage their time more effectively, has received positive reviews from both teachers and parents.

【主干】The new app has received positive reviews from both teachers and parents.

【分层】designed to... 过去分词作定语。

【翻译】这款旨在帮助学生更有效管理时间的新应用，获得了老师和家长的积极评价。

【考点】done 定语。

118. 【2021 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The government, hoping to boost the economy, introduced a series of tax cuts that benefited both businesses and individuals.

【主干】The government introduced a series of tax cuts.

【分层】hoping to... 现在分词原因状语；that...individuals 定从。

【翻译】政府为提振经济，推出一系列惠及企业和个人的减税措施。

【考点】doing 原因 + 定从。

119. 【2020 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The athlete, training for over six hours a day, was determined to win the championship, despite the immense physical and mental strain.

【主干】The athlete was determined to win the championship.

【分层】training... 现在分词原因状语；despite... 介词短语让步。

【翻译】这位每天训练超六小时的运动员，决心赢得冠军，尽管身心承受巨大压力。

【考点】doing 原因 + despite 让步。

120. 【2019 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The museum, having been closed for renovations for two years, reopened to the public last month, attracting record numbers of visitors.

【主干】The museum reopened to the public last month.

【分层】having been closed... 现在分词完成被动原因状语；attracting... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】闭馆翻修两年的博物馆上月重新开放，吸引了创纪录的游客量。

【考点】having been done 原因 + doing 结果。

四、名词性从句（主/宾/表/同位语）

121. 【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Scientists believe that how we read directly influences how well we understand and remember materials.

【主干】Scientists believe + 宾语从句.

【分层】that 引导大宾语从句；从句中 how we read 主语从句；how well...materials 宾语从句作 influences 宾语。

【翻译】科学家认为，我们的阅读方式直接影响对材料的理解与记忆效果。

【考点】that 宾从套 how 主语从句 + how 宾从。

122. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】